1 、 为一个文件夹的图片改变文件名称




```python
import os
prefix = input("前缀\n")
startNumber = input("开始的数字\n")
father = r"D:\Desktop\jinggai\jinggai3"
for k, fileName in enumerate(os.listdir(father), int(startNumber)):
    if fileName.endswith("jpg"):
        os.rename(os.path.join(father, fileName), os.path.join(father, prefix + str(k).zfill(5) + ".jpg"))
```

2 、 已经为一些图片标注，然后利用标注清除一个文件夹中没有带labels的图片

```python 
import os
images = r"D:\Desktop\jinggai\images"
labels = r"D:\Desktop\jinggai\labels"
imgFileNameList = os.listdir(images)
labelFileNameList = os.listdir(labels)
for fileName in imgFileNameList:
    if fileName.endswith(".jpg"):
        if fileName[:-4] + ".txt" not in labelFileNameList:
            os.remove(os.path.join(images, fileName))
    else:
        os.remove(os.path.join(images, fileName))
print("当前图片剩余多少张==>", len(imgFileNameList))
print("当前图片标注剩余多少个文件==>", len(labelFileNameList), labelFileNameList)
```

3、 使用算法服务标注数据，将label结果写入到一个文件夹中

```python
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
import os
import requests
import cv2
imgpath = r"D:\Desktop\jinggai\jinggai"
labelspath = r"D:\Desktop\jinggai\labels"
class DataConvert():
    """
    表达方式 说明
    x1,y1,x2,y2 (x1,y1)为左上角坐标，(x2,y2)为右下角坐标
    x1,y1,w,h (x1,y1)为左上角坐标，w为目标区域宽度，h为目标区域高度
    xc,yc,w,h (xc,yc)为目标区域中心坐标，w为目标区域宽度，h为目标区域高度 COCO标注
    """
    def __init__(self):
        pass
    @staticmethod
    def cvtx0y0whTox1y1x2y2(x0, y0, w, h, imgShape):
        # "0.530921 0.666667 0.622368 0.666667"=>(167, 169, 639, 507)
        # labelme 的COCO标注格式就是 中心点x+中心点y+宽+高 （归一化的）
        # 此函数出来的就是 左上点  右下点  （未归一化的）
        height, width, c = imgShape
        x1, y1, x2, y2 = int((x0 - w * 0.5) * width), \
                         int((y0 - h * 0.5) * height), \
                         int((x0 + w * 0.5) * width), \
                         int((y0 + h * 0.5) * height)
        return x1, y1, x2, y2
    @staticmethod
    def cvtx1y1x2y2Tox0y0wh(x1, y1, x2, y2, imgShape):
        # (167, 169, 639, 507)=>"0.530921 0.666667 0.622368 0.666667"
        # 左上点  右下点  （未归一化的） => 中心点x+中心点y+宽+高 （归一化的）
        height, width, c = imgShape
        x0, y0, w, h = (x1 + x2) / 2 / width, (y1 + y2) / 2 / height, (x2 - x1) / width, (y2 - y1) / height,
        return x0, y0, w, h
files = os.listdir(imgpath)
for file in files:
    filep = os.path.join(imgpath, file)
    res = requests.post(url="http://172.18.43.32:8012/alg_analyse_bytes/",
                        files={"file": open(filep, "rb")}).json()
    labelfile = os.path.join(labelspath, file[:-4] + ".txt")
    if len(res["data"]) != 0:
        img = cv2.imread(filep)
        shape = img.shape
        for data in res["data"]:
            bboxs0 = data["bbox"]
            bboxs0 = list(map(int, bboxs0))
            poss = DataConvert.cvtx1y1x2y2Tox0y0wh(*bboxs0, shape)
            poss = list(map(lambda x: str(round(x, 6)), poss))
            open(labelfile, "a+").write("0 " + " ".join(poss) + "\r\n")
```

4、每张图都必有labels的前提下，让图片文件夹文件数量和label文件夹文件数量一致。

```python
import os
images = r"D:\Desktop\jinggai\jinggai_nano\images"
labels = r"D:\Desktop\jinggai\jinggai_nano\labels"
imgFileNameList = os.listdir(images)
labelFileNameList = os.listdir(labels)
for fileName in imgFileNameList:
    if fileName.endswith(".jpg"):
        if fileName[:-4] + ".txt" not in labelFileNameList:
            os.remove(os.path.join(images, fileName))
    else:
        os.remove(os.path.join(images, fileName))
imgFileNameList = os.listdir(images)
labelFileNameList = os.listdir(labels)
for fileName in labelFileNameList:
    if fileName.endswith(".txt"):
        if (fileName[:-4] + ".jpg" not in imgFileNameList) or (len(str(open(os.path.join(labels, fileName), "r").readlines())) < 7):
            os.remove(os.path.join(labels, fileName))
    else:
        os.remove(os.path.join(labels, fileName))
imgFileNameList = os.listdir(images)
labelFileNameList = os.listdir(labels)
print("当前图片剩余多少张==>", len(imgFileNameList))
print("当前图片标注剩余多少个文件==>", len(labelFileNameList), labelFileNameList)
```

5、有图片和对应的xml标注：

将图片全部改名，重写到另外一个文件夹；

将对应的xml标注文件改名；

```python
import os
import traceback
import cv2
import numpy as np
prefix = input("前缀\n")
startNumber = input("开始的数字\n")
father = r"D:\fireandsmoke\images"
father_labels = r"D:\fireandsmoke\annotations"
for k, fileName in enumerate(os.listdir(father), int(startNumber)):
    try:
        img = cv2.imdecode(np.fromfile(os.path.join(father, fileName), dtype=np.uint8), 1)  # img是矩阵
        cv2.imwrite(os.path.join(r"D:\fireandsmoke\tarimg", prefix + str(k).zfill(5) + ".jpg"), img)
        os.rename(os.path.join(father_labels, fileName.split(".")[0] + ".xml"),
                  os.path.join(father_labels, prefix + str(k).zfill(5) + ".xml"))
    except:
        traceback.print_exc()
```

6、 xml标记文件转COCO的txt文件。

```python
import xml.etree.ElementTree as ET
import os
xmldir = r"D:\fireandsmoke\annotations"
txtdir = r"D:\fireandsmoke\labels"
classes = ['fire']  # 标签名
def convert_annotation(img_id_filename):
    image_id = img_id_filename[:-4]  # xml文件的文件名，不带后缀
    in_file = open(os.path.join(xmldir, '%s.xml' % (image_id), ), encoding='UTF-8')  # 打开xml
    out_file = open(os.path.join(txtdir, '%s.txt' % (image_id), ), 'w')  # 最终写入txt文件，这里打开
    tree = ET.parse(in_file)
    root = tree.getroot()
    size = root.find('size')
    size_width = int(size.find('width').text)  # 图片宽
    size_height = int(size.find('height').text)  # 图片高
    for obj in root.iter('object'):  # 遍历标记
        difficult = obj.find('difficult').text  # 是否是难样本
        cls = obj.find('name').text  # 标签分类名
        if cls not in classes or int(difficult) == 1:  # 需要是想要的标签+需要不是难样本
            continue
        cls_id = classes.index(cls)  # COCO里面的第一个数字表示是第几类
        xmlbox = obj.find('bndbox')
        b = [float(xmlbox.find('xmin').text), float(xmlbox.find('xmax').text), float(xmlbox.find('ymin').text),
             float(xmlbox.find('ymax').text)]  # 注意这里顺序
        if size_width == 0 or size_height == 0:
            print("不合理的图，程序会删除这张图", image_id)
            in_file.close()
            os.remove(os.path.join(xmldir, '%s.xml' % (image_id)))
            continue
        # 标注越界修正
        if b[0] > size_width:
            b[0] = size_width
        if b[1] > size_width:
            b[1] = size_width
        if b[2] > size_height:
            b[2] = size_height
        if b[3] > size_height:
            b[3] = size_height
        txt_data = [((b[0] + b[1]) / 2.0 - 1) / size_width, ((b[2] + b[3]) / 2.0 - 1) / size_height,
                    (b[1] - b[0]) / size_width, (b[3] - b[2]) / size_height]
        txt_data = list(map(lambda x: round(x, 6), txt_data))
        out_file.write(str(cls_id) + " " + " ".join([str(a) for a in txt_data]) + '\n')
    in_file.close()
    out_file.close()
def getClsName():
    clsSet = set()
    xmllist = os.listdir(xmldir)
    for img_id in xmllist:
        img_id_filename = img_id
        image_id = img_id_filename[:-4]  # xml文件的文件名，不带后缀
        in_file = open(os.path.join(xmldir, '%s.xml' % (image_id), ), encoding='UTF-8')  # 打开xml
        tree = ET.parse(in_file)
        root = tree.getroot()
        for obj in root.iter('object'):  # 遍历标记
            cls = obj.find('name').text  # 标签分类名
            clsSet.add(cls)
        in_file.close()
    print(clsSet)
# imglist = os.listdir(imgdir)
# xmllist = os.listdir(xmldir)
# # 测试图片是否损坏
# for img_id in imglist:
#     try:
#         cv2img = cv2.imread(os.path.join(imgdir, img_id))
#     except:
#         os.remove(os.path.join(imgdir, img_id))
if __name__ == '__main__':
    xmllist = os.listdir(xmldir)
    for img_id in xmllist:
        convert_annotation(img_id)
```

Python 目标检测 数据清洗与标注 常用程序记录

windows 10 Python 使用 requests出现报错：





```
  File "D:\Miniconda3\lib\ssl.py", line 500, in wrap_socket
    return self.sslsocket_class._create(
  File "D:\Miniconda3\lib\ssl.py", line 997, in _create
    raise ValueError("check_hostname requires server_hostname")
ValueError: check_hostname requires server_hostname
```

解决方法：

把 VPN 关了就行了。

ValueError: check_hostname requires server_hostname

参考这个大佬：[https://blog.csdn.net/BF02jgtRS00XKtCx/article/details/111188806](https://blog.csdn.net/BF02jgtRS00XKtCx/article/details/111188806)






```shell
pip install python-docx
```


add_float_picture.py

```python
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
# filename: add_float_picture.py
'''
Implement floating image based on python-docx.
- Text wrapping style: BEHIND TEXT <wp:anchor behindDoc="1">
- Picture position: top-left corner of PAGE `<wp:positionH relativeFrom="page">`.
Create a docx sample (Layout | Positions | More Layout Options) and explore the
source xml (Open as a zip | word | document.xml) to implement other text wrapping
styles and position modes per `CT_Anchor._anchor_xml()`.
'''
from docx.oxml import parse_xml, register_element_cls
from docx.oxml.ns import nsdecls
from docx.oxml.shape import CT_Picture
from docx.oxml.xmlchemy import BaseOxmlElement, OneAndOnlyOne
# refer to docx.oxml.shape.CT_Inline
class CT_Anchor(BaseOxmlElement):
    """
    ``<w:anchor>`` element, container for a floating image.
    """
    extent = OneAndOnlyOne('wp:extent')
    docPr = OneAndOnlyOne('wp:docPr')
    graphic = OneAndOnlyOne('a:graphic')
    @classmethod
    def new(cls, cx, cy, shape_id, pic, pos_x, pos_y):
        """
        Return a new ``<wp:anchor>`` element populated with the values passed
        as parameters.
        """
        anchor = parse_xml(cls._anchor_xml(pos_x, pos_y))
        anchor.extent.cx = cx
        anchor.extent.cy = cy
        anchor.docPr.id = shape_id
        anchor.docPr.name = 'Picture %d' % shape_id
        anchor.graphic.graphicData.uri = (
            'http://schemas.openxmlformats.org/drawingml/2006/picture'
        )
        anchor.graphic.graphicData._insert_pic(pic)
        return anchor
    @classmethod
    def new_pic_anchor(cls, shape_id, rId, filename, cx, cy, pos_x, pos_y):
        """
        Return a new `wp:anchor` element containing the `pic:pic` element
        specified by the argument values.
        """
        pic_id = 0  # Word doesn't seem to use this, but does not omit it
        pic = CT_Picture.new(pic_id, filename, rId, cx, cy)
        anchor = cls.new(cx, cy, shape_id, pic, pos_x, pos_y)
        anchor.graphic.graphicData._insert_pic(pic)
        return anchor
    @classmethod
    def _anchor_xml(cls, pos_x, pos_y):
        return (
                '<wp:anchor distT="0" distB="0" distL="0" distR="0" simplePos="0" relativeHeight="0" \n'
                '           behindDoc="1" locked="0" layoutInCell="1" allowOverlap="1" \n'
                '           %s>\n'
                '  <wp:simplePos x="0" y="0"/>\n'
                '  <wp:positionH relativeFrom="page">\n'
                '    <wp:posOffset>%d</wp:posOffset>\n'
                '  </wp:positionH>\n'
                '  <wp:positionV relativeFrom="page">\n'
                '    <wp:posOffset>%d</wp:posOffset>\n'
                '  </wp:positionV>\n'
                '  <wp:extent cx="914400" cy="914400"/>\n'
                '  <wp:wrapNone/>\n'
                '  <wp:docPr id="666" name="unnamed"/>\n'
                '  <wp:cNvGraphicFramePr>\n'
                '    <a:graphicFrameLocks noChangeAspect="1"/>\n'
                '  </wp:cNvGraphicFramePr>\n'
                '  <a:graphic>\n'
                '    <a:graphicData uri="URI not set"/>\n'
                '  </a:graphic>\n'
                '</wp:anchor>' % (nsdecls('wp', 'a', 'pic', 'r'), int(pos_x), int(pos_y))
        )
# refer to docx.parts.story.BaseStoryPart.new_pic_inline
def new_pic_anchor(part, image_descriptor, width, height, pos_x, pos_y):
    """Return a newly-created `w:anchor` element.
    The element contains the image specified by *image_descriptor* and is scaled
    based on the values of *width* and *height*.
    """
    rId, image = part.get_or_add_image(image_descriptor)
    cx, cy = image.scaled_dimensions(width, height)
    shape_id, filename = part.next_id, image.filename
    return CT_Anchor.new_pic_anchor(shape_id, rId, filename, cx, cy, pos_x, pos_y)
# refer to docx.text.run.add_picture
def add_float_picture(p, image_path_or_stream, width=None, height=None, pos_x=0, pos_y=0):
    """Add float picture at fixed position `pos_x` and `pos_y` to the top-left point of page.
    """
    run = p.add_run()
    anchor = new_pic_anchor(run.part, image_path_or_stream, width, height, pos_x, pos_y)
    run._r.add_drawing(anchor)
# refer to docx.oxml.__init__.py
register_element_cls('wp:anchor', CT_Anchor)
```


mian.py

```python
from docx import Document
from docx.shared import Inches, Pt, Cm
from add_float_picture import add_float_picture
if __name__ == '__main__':
    document = Document("test1.docx")
    # add a floating picture
    p = document.paragraphs[0]
    add_float_picture(p, 'mingzi.png', width=Cm(3.0), pos_x=Cm(14), pos_y=Cm(3))
    # add text
    document.save('output.docx')
```

python docx 添加浮空图片

Python





```python
import base64
import os
import time
import traceback
import cv2
from multiprocessing import Manager, Process
import uvicorn
from fastapi.middleware.cors import CORSMiddleware
from fastapi import FastAPI, File, Form, UploadFile
import requests
model_config = {
    "process_N": 1,
    "port": 8099,
    "FastAPIWorks": 1  # must be number 1
}
app = FastAPI(
    title='FastAPI',
    description='FastAPI',
    version='1.0.0',
    docs_url='/docs',
    redoc_url='/redocs',
)
app.add_middleware(
    CORSMiddleware,
    allow_origins=["*"],
    allow_credentials=True,
    allow_methods=["*"],
    allow_headers=["*"],
)
updatelabel = 1
def get_db():
    global updatelabel
    updatelabel += 1
    table = "i am table" + str(updatelabel)
    return {"updatelabel": updatelabel, "table": table}
camera_info = Manager().list()
camera_info.append(get_db())
@app.get("/emq/")
def alg_analyse_bytes(a: int):
    if a == 1:
        camera_info[0] = get_db()
    return "ok"
@app.post("/init_process/")
def init_process(process_num: int = Form(...), passwd: str = Form(...)):
    if passwd == "woshimima":
        if process_num <= 8:
            for i in range(process_num):
                Process(target=deal_picture, args=(camera_info,)).start()
    return 1
def deal_picture(camera_info):
    camera_info_copy = dict(camera_info[0]).copy()
    while True:
        try:
            if camera_info_copy["updatelabel"] != camera_info[0]["updatelabel"]:
                camera_info_copy = dict(camera_info[0]).copy()
            print(camera_info_copy)
        except:
            traceback.print_exc()
def cv2_to_base64(image):
    base64_str = cv2.imencode('.jpg', image)[1].tostring()
    base64_str = base64.b64encode(base64_str)
    return base64_str
def init_model():
    time.sleep(1)
    requests.post("http://0.0.0.0:" + str(model_config["port"]) + "/init_process",
                  data={"process_num": model_config["process_N"],
                        "passwd": "woshimima"})
    print(f"algorithm already start ")
if __name__ == '__main__':
    modulename = os.path.basename(os.path.abspath(__file__)).split(".")[0]
    Process(target=init_model).start()
    uvicorn.run(modulename + ':app',
                host='0.0.0.0',
                port=model_config["port"],
                reload=False,
                debug=False,
                workers=model_config["FastAPIWorks"])
```

在Python中，一种在多进程中，利用标签向进程分享无冲突全局变量，且开放Web接口的方法

参考：[https://zhuanlan.zhihu.com/p/143009848](https://zhuanlan.zhihu.com/p/143009848)





鼠标移至标题栏–>单击鼠标右键–>属性–>取消勾选快速编辑模式


![在这里插入图片描述](/static/img/images/00175.png)