在Linux系统中，你可以通过几种命令来查看哪些程序占用了内存。以下是几种常用的方法：





1. **top 命令**：
   `top` 命令可以动态显示系统中各个进程的资源占用情况。通过 `top`，你可以看到CPU和内存的使用率最高的进程。只需在终端输入：
   ```bash
   top
   ```
   在显示的界面中，`%MEM` 栏目显示了每个进程的内存占用率。

2. **htop 命令**：
   `htop` 是 `top` 命令的一个增强版本，它提供了一个更为友好的界面，并且可以通过键盘操作进行交互。如果系统中没有安装 `htop`，你可以通过包管理器安装它。例如，在Ubuntu中可以使用：
   ```bash
   sudo apt install htop
   ```
   安装完成后，输入 `htop` 来运行。

3. **ps 命令**：
   使用 `ps` 命令结合 `sort` 可以查看内存使用量最高的进程。例如：
   ```bash
   ps aux --sort=-%mem | head
   ```
   这个命令会列出内存占用率最高的10个进程。

4. **free 命令**：
   虽然 `free` 命令不会显示每个程序的内存使用情况，但它可以快速显示系统的总内存使用情况，包括已使用的内存和空闲内存。运行：
   ```bash
   free -h
   ```
   `-h` 选项会以易于阅读的格式显示内存信息。

这些工具都是在命令行终端中使用的。选择一个你觉得最方便的命令来检查内存使用情况吧！

linux 内存消耗 排序 前几名

[https://www.cnblogs.com/jixiaohua/p/11732225.html](https://www.cnblogs.com/jixiaohua/p/11732225.html)





搞个高的版本：

sudo yum install centos-release-scl -y

sudo yum install devtoolset-8-gcc* -y 

scl enable devtoolset-8 bash

gcc -v



![在这里插入图片描述](/static/img/images/00518.png)

![在这里插入图片描述](/static/img/images/00519.png)

![在这里插入图片描述](/static/img/images/00520.png)

C++14 CentOS gcc 版本 A compiler with support for C++14 language features is required

windows写的shell 传到linux就有^M，因为windows下面的回车换行的原因。





我的解决比较粗暴：

给每行加个注释
```bash
#!/bin/bash
DATE=$(date +%Y%m%d)  # 注释 不然有回车换行
work_path=$(dirname $(readlink -f $0)) # 当前绝对路径
file=${work_path}"/chongli_daily_hotmap_weather.py" # 注释
/home/dolphinscheduler/miniconda3/envs/kevin_py37/bin/python ${file} >> start_daily.${DATE}.log 2>&1 &  # 注释
```

Linux下去掉^M的四种方法

## 步骤





1. 安装 `sudo yum install vsftpd`

2. 查找安装位置 `whereis vsftpd`

   ```
   vsftpd: /usr/sbin/vsftpd /etc/vsftpd /usr/share/man/man8/vsftpd.8.gz
   ```

3. 配置 /etc/vsftpd/vsftpd.conf

   * 关闭匿名登入

     `anonymous_enable=NO`

   * 配置用户权限

     `allow_writeable_chroot=YES`

     `reverse_lookup_enable=NO`

     `chroot_local_user=YES`

   * 具体见附录

4. #### 重要： 必须要把整个防火墙都关掉

   才能正常登入，只打开21端口，用户无法登入，猜测应该是vsftpd需要更多的端口

   * 查看防火墙状态

     `systemctl status firewalld`

     或者

     `firewall-cmd --state `

   * 暂时关闭防火墙

     `systemctl stop firewalld`

   * 如果有必要，可以把`SElinux`也关闭

     查看:

     `/usr/sbin/sestatus -v `

     临时关闭:

     `setenforce 0 `

5. 对于大华的摄像头需要特别注意

   /etc/vsftpd.conf 必须配置：`chroot_local_user=YES`  

   > 是否将所有用户限制在主目录,YES为启用 NO禁用.(该项默认值是NO,即在安装vsftpd后不做配置的话，ftp用户是可以向上切换到要目录之外的)

   注意，对于大华的摄像头，这个设定必须打开，否则测试将无法通过

   关闭这个选项时，海康的摄像头能够成功测试，并且整个ftp功能是正常的。

   **vsftpd的配置到此结束**

   * 查看 vsftpd.service服务的状态:

     `systemctl status vsftpd.service`

   * 关闭服务

     `systemctl  stop vsftpd.service`

   * 开启服务

     `systemctl stop vsftpd.service`

6. 创建用户

   

7. 森林防火项目，配置conda 和 python环境

   有一个问题，opencv依赖的动态库 CentOS本地没有, 手动安装

   ```sh
   yum install libSM-1.2.2-2.el7.x86_64 --setopt=protected_multilib=false
   yum install libXrender-0.9.10-1.el7.x86_64 --setopt=protected_multilib=false
   yum install libXext.x86_64 --setopt=protected_multilib=false
   ```

8. 如果需要Nginx

   一般配置了ftp, 都需要通过网络可以访问到这些静态的文件，用nginx做是比较好的选择

   Nginx可以源码编译安装，也有centos package安装

   * yum包管理器安装 https://nginx.org/en/linux_packages.html#RHEL-CentOS

     1. 安装依赖 Install the prerequisites: 

        sudo yum install yum-utils

     2. 配置Nginx的远程包仓库

         To set up the yum repository, create the file named `/etc/yum.repos.d/nginx.repo` with the following contents:

     > ```
     > [nginx-stable]
     > name=nginx stable repo
     > baseurl=http://nginx.org/packages/centos/$releasever/$basearch/
     > gpgcheck=1
     > enabled=1
     > gpgkey=https://nginx.org/keys/nginx_signing.key
     > module_hotfixes=true
     > 
     > [nginx-mainline]
     > name=nginx mainline repo
     > baseurl=http://nginx.org/packages/mainline/centos/$releasever/$basearch/
     > gpgcheck=1
     > enabled=0
     > gpgkey=https://nginx.org/keys/nginx_signing.key
     > module_hotfixes=true
     > ```

     通常用默认的stable源就可以了，如果需要nginx主线上的版本，用如下的命令配置 yum

     By default, the repository for stable nginx packages is used. If you would like to use mainline nginx packages, run the following command:

     > ```
     > sudo yum-config-manager --enable nginx-mainline
     > ```

     **安装Nginx**

       To install nginx, run the following command:

     > ```
     > sudo yum install nginx
     > ```

       When prompted to accept the GPG key, verify that the fingerprint matches `573B FD6B 3D8F BC64 1079 A6AB ABF5 BD82 7BD9 BF62`, and if so, accept it.

     如果有要求接受GPG秘钥，就接受。

   * /etc/nginx/nginx.conf 配置

     最简单的配置

     ```shell
     # For more information on configuration, see:
     #   * Official English Documentation: http://nginx.org/en/docs/
     #   * Official Russian Documentation: http://nginx.org/ru/docs/
     user nginx;
     worker_processes auto;
     error_log /var/log/nginx/error.log;
     pid /run/nginx.pid;
     # Load dynamic modules. See /usr/share/doc/nginx/README.dynamic.
     include /usr/share/nginx/modules/*.conf;
     events {
         worker_connections 1024;
     }
     http {
         log_format  main  '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
                           '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
                           '"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';
         access_log  /var/log/nginx/access.log  main;
         sendfile            on;
         tcp_nopush          on;
         tcp_nodelay         on;
         keepalive_timeout   65;
         types_hash_max_size 2048;
         include             /etc/nginx/mime.types;
         default_type        application/octet-stream;
         # Load modular configuration files from the /etc/nginx/conf.d directory.
         # See http://nginx.org/en/docs/ngx_core_module.html#include
         # for more information.
         include /etc/nginx/conf.d/*.conf;
         server {
             listen       80 default_server;
             listen       [::]:80 default_server;
             server_name  _;
             root  /;
             location /images/{
                 alias  /home/detector/output/;
                 index index.html;
                 autoindex on;
             }
         }
     ```

   * 运行 Nginx

     因为用包管理器安装，Nginx已经在我们的shell环境变量中了，可以直接调用，如果是编译安装的，记得把编译时写的--prefix 安装路径放到环境变量中

     * 校验配置文件是否正确

       `nginx -t`

     * 启动nginx

       `nginx `

     * 运行时重新导入配置

       `nginx -s reload`

     * 关闭Nginx

       `nginx -s stop`

## 附录

```shell
# Example config file /etc/vsftpd/vsftpd.conf
#
# The default compiled in settings are fairly paranoid. This sample file
# loosens things up a bit, to make the ftp daemon more usable.
# Please see vsftpd.conf.5 for all compiled in defaults.
#
# READ THIS: This example file is NOT an exhaustive list of vsftpd options.
# Please read the vsftpd.conf.5 manual page to get a full idea of vsftpd's
# capabilities.
#
# Allow anonymous FTP? (Beware - allowed by default if you comment this out).
anonymous_enable=NO
#
# Uncomment this to allow local users to log in.
# When SELinux is enforcing check for SE bool ftp_home_dir
local_enable=YES
#
# Uncomment this to enable any form of FTP write command.
write_enable=YES
#
# Default umask for local users is 077. You may wish to change this to 022,
# if your users expect that (022 is used by most other ftpd's)
local_umask=022
#
# Uncomment this to allow the anonymous FTP user to upload files. This only
# has an effect if the above global write enable is activated. Also, you will
# obviously need to create a directory writable by the FTP user.
# When SELinux is enforcing check for SE bool allow_ftpd_anon_write, allow_ftpd_full_access
#anon_upload_enable=YES
#
# Uncomment this if you want the anonymous FTP user to be able to create
# new directories.
#anon_mkdir_write_enable=YES
#
# Activate directory messages - messages given to remote users when they
# go into a certain directory.
dirmessage_enable=YES
#
# Activate logging of uploads/downloads.
xferlog_enable=YES
#
# Make sure PORT transfer connections originate from port 20 (ftp-data).
connect_from_port_20=YES
#
# If you want, you can arrange for uploaded anonymous files to be owned by
# a different user. Note! Using "root" for uploaded files is not
# recommended!
#chown_uploads=YES
#chown_username=whoever
#
# You may override where the log file goes if you like. The default is shown
# below.
#xferlog_file=/var/log/xferlog
#
# If you want, you can have your log file in standard ftpd xferlog format.
# Note that the default log file location is /var/log/xferlog in this case.
xferlog_std_format=YES
#
# You may change the default value for timing out an idle session.
#idle_session_timeout=600
#
# You may change the default value for timing out a data connection.
#data_connection_timeout=220
#
# It is recommended that you define on your system a unique user which the
# ftp server can use as a totally isolated and unprivileged user.
#nopriv_user=ftpsecure
#
# Enable this and the server will recognise asynchronous ABOR requests. Not
# recommended for security (the code is non-trivial). Not enabling it,
# however, may confuse older FTP clients.
#async_abor_enable=YES
#
# By default the server will pretend to allow ASCII mode but in fact ignore
# the request. Turn on the below options to have the server actually do ASCII
# mangling on files when in ASCII mode. The vsftpd.conf(5) man page explains
# the behaviour when these options are disabled.
# Beware that on some FTP servers, ASCII support allows a denial of service
# attack (DoS) via the command "SIZE /big/file" in ASCII mode. vsftpd
# predicted this attack and has always been safe, reporting the size of the
# raw file.
# ASCII mangling is a horrible feature of the protocol.
#ascii_upload_enable=YES
#ascii_download_enable=YES
#
# You may fully customise the login banner string:
#ftpd_banner=Welcome to blah FTP service.
#
# You may specify a file of disallowed anonymous e-mail addresses. Apparently
# useful for combatting certain DoS attacks.
#deny_email_enable=YES
# (default follows)
#banned_email_file=/etc/vsftpd/banned_emails
#
# You may specify an explicit list of local users to chroot() to their home
# directory. If chroot_local_user is YES, then this list becomes a list of
# users to NOT chroot().
# (Warning! chroot'ing can be very dangerous. If using chroot, make sure that
# the user does not have write access to the top level directory within the
# chroot)
chroot_local_user=YES
#chroot_list_enable=YES
# (default follows)
#chroot_list_file=/etc/vsftpd/chroot_list
#
# You may activate the "-R" option to the builtin ls. This is disabled by
# default to avoid remote users being able to cause excessive I/O on large
# sites. However, some broken FTP clients such as "ncftp" and "mirror" assume
# the presence of the "-R" option, so there is a strong case for enabling it.
#ls_recurse_enable=YES
#
# When "listen" directive is enabled, vsftpd runs in standalone mode and
# listens on IPv4 sockets. This directive cannot be used in conjunction
# with the listen_ipv6 directive.
listen=NO
#
# This directive enables listening on IPv6 sockets. By default, listening
# on the IPv6 "any" address (::) will accept connections from both IPv6
# and IPv4 clients. It is not necessary to listen on *both* IPv4 and IPv6
# sockets. If you want that (perhaps because you want to listen on specific
# addresses) then you must run two copies of vsftpd with two configuration
# files.
# Make sure, that one of the listen options is commented !!
listen_ipv6=YES
pam_service_name=vsftpd
userlist_enable=YES
tcp_wrappers=YES
allow_writeable_chroot=YES
reverse_lookup_enable=NO
```

vsftpd FTP服务器构建和使用

主要是linux服务器上操作，windows没尝试。





有了一个之前的conda环境，怎么快速克隆一个。

---


本机到本机的克隆：

```python
conda create -n kevin_py37clone --clone kevin_py37
```

上面这指令含义就是创建一个叫kevin_py37clone 的环境，此环境克隆本地的一个交kevin_py37的环境。之后你就拥有2个一模一样的环境如下图：

![在这里插入图片描述](/static/img/images/00560.png)

删除这个克隆的环境：

conda remove -n kevin_py37clone --all


---

本地服务器环境迁移到别的服务器：

先找到环境路径，一版在conda安装目录下的envs里面，比如我的环境路径目录就是：

/home/dolphinscheduler/miniconda3/envs/kevin_py37

把此文件亚索后传输到别的服务器，在别的服务器上解压后，在别的服务器使用下面指令安装：

```python
conda create -n new_env --clone 环境路径
```

在此过程中有可能需要的指令：

```python
tar zcvf pkg.tar.gz kevin_py37/
scp pkg.tar.gz kevin_xie@172.18.43.32:/home/kevin_xie/
来到别的服务器：
tar zxvf pkg.tar.gz
conda create -n new_env --clone ./kevin_py37/
```

用PIP安装的包还是需要重新装。

conda 环境 复制 克隆 快速安装 python

比如查看home目录的大小：





```python
du -s /home
```

也可以：

```python
du -sh /home
```

LINUX下查看一个文件夹下所有文件的总大小

Linux 目录下文件个数 路径下文件个数

递归更改所有目录和文件，把拥有者用户改成kevin_xie  ，文件所属用户组改为了 sensor  。




```python
chown -R kevin_xie:sensor /data_share_kevin
```

Linux 更改文件拥有者 更改文件所属用户组

./linuxyunwei.json```python

find ./ -type f | xargs rm -rf  # 删除当前路径下的所有文件，但不删除目录。目录里面的文件也会被删除
```

删除当前路径下的所有文件 但不删除目录 目录里面的文件也会被删除

Ctrl + c 退出当前指令输入





ctrl + w 往回删除一个单词，光标放在最末尾

ctrl + u 删除光标以前的字符

ctrl + k 删除光标以后的字符

ctrl + a 移动光标至的字符头

ctrl + e 移动光标至的字符尾

ctrl + l 清屏