更换Ubuntu镜像源教程

概述

本教程将介绍如何在不同版本的Ubuntu中更换为国内镜像源，以提高软件更新和安装速度。以下示例将涵盖Ubuntu 16.04、18.04、20.04、22.04、24.04五个版本。

备份现有镜像源列表

在更改镜像源之前，建议先备份当前的镜像源列表文件/etc/apt/sources.list。

bash
sudo cp /etc/apt/sources.list /etc/apt/sources.list.bak

修改镜像源列表

使用文本编辑器打开/etc/apt/sources.list文件：

bash
sudo nano /etc/apt/sources.list

将文件内容替换为所需的镜像源列表。以下提供了常用的国内镜像源对应不同版本的配置。

Ubuntu 16.04 (代号：xenial)

plaintext
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-backports main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-security main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-updates main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-backports main restricted universe multiverse
## 预发布源，不建议启用
# deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-proposed main restricted universe multiverse

Ubuntu 18.04 (代号：bionic)

plaintext
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
## 预发布源，不建议启用
# deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse

Ubuntu 20.04 (代号：focal)

plaintext
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-backports main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-security main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-updates main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-backports main restricted universe multiverse
## 预发布源，不建议启用
# deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-proposed main restricted universe multiverse

Ubuntu 22.04 (代号：jammy)

plaintext
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ jammy main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ jammy-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ jammy-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ jammy-backports main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ jammy main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ jammy-security main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ jammy-updates main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ jammy-backports main restricted universe multiverse
## 预发布源，不建议启用
# deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ jammy-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ jammy-proposed main restricted universe multiverse

Ubuntu 24.04 (代号：lunar)

plaintext
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ lunar main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ lunar-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ lunar-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ lunar-backports main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ lunar main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ lunar-security main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ lunar-updates main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ lunar-backports main restricted universe multiverse
## 预发布源，不建议启用
# deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ lunar-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ lunar-proposed main restricted universe multiverse

更新软件包列表

保存并关闭/etc/apt/sources.list文件后，执行以下命令更新软件包列表：

bash
sudo apt update

等待更新完成即可。

常见问题及解决方法

1. 更新失败或速度较慢：

   • 尝试更换其他镜像源，如中科大或清华大学的镜像源。

   • 检查网络连接是否正常。

2. 权限问题：

   • 确保使用sudo命令进行操作。

   • 检查/etc/apt/sources.list文件的权限是否正确。

通过上述步骤，您可以在不同版本的Ubuntu中轻松更换为国内的镜像源，从而提升软件更新和安装的速度。